• Palatal ⟨j⟩ is not used. It is elided entirely after obstruents, or changes to ⟨i⟩ after sonorants.
• nuictje → nútx ‘night’
• anju → anio ‘year’
• ⟨bv⟩ is written as ⟨v⟩.
• aubvru → aovro ‘tree’
• ⟨ou⟩ is written as ⟨o⟩ (sometimes as ⟨u⟩ when it has the value /u/).
• foucu → foco ‘fire’
• ⟨cj⟩, ⟨ctj⟩, ⟨c⟩ before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩, and ⟨tj⟩ are written as ⟨x⟩ when initial and ⟨tx⟩ otherwise.
• acelju → atxelio ‘bird’
• centrau → xentrau ‘central’
• ⟨gj⟩, ⟨g⟩ before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩, and ⟨dj⟩ are written as ⟨j⟩ when initial and ⟨dj⟩ otherwise.
• gindrau → jindrao ‘general’
• pungere → pundjer ‘to stab’
• ⟨tz⟩ is written as ⟨s⟩ when initial, ⟨dz⟩ when voiced, and remains ⟨tz⟩ when unvoiced.
• tzince → sintx ‘five’
• pitzitu → pedzito ‘small’
• ⟨ei⟩ is normally written as ⟨e⟩, or ⟨é⟩ when long.
• reigu → rego ‘king’
• beistja → béxa ‘animal’
• Some instances of ⟨u⟩ and most instances of ⟨ou⟩ are written as ⟨o⟩, and ⟨o⟩ is always used word-finally in place of ⟨u⟩.
• uricla → oricla ‘ear’
• ouvu → ovo ‘egg’
• Some instances of ⟨i⟩ are written as ⟨e⟩.
• cintu → xinto ‘hundred’
• midju → medjo ‘half’
• Some instances of ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ are written as ⟨a⟩.
• ecquix → acquì ‘here’
• mengjare → mandjar ‘to eat’
• ⟨qh⟩ is elided when initial; it is writte as ⟨h⟩ otherwise.
• qheru → ero ‘deer, hart’
• aqhma → ahma ‘life force’
• Final ⟨e⟩ is elided.
• ridere → rider ‘to laugh’
• infante → infant ‘child’
• Final ⟨nje⟩ or ⟨gne⟩ becomes ⟨ng⟩.
• cjanje → xang ‘dog’
• seigne → séng ‘slow’
• Final ⟨au⟩ and ⟨aou⟩ are written as ⟨ao⟩.
• saou → sao ‘salt’
• centrau → xentrao ‘central’
• Final ⟨eu⟩ and ⟨eou⟩ are written as ⟨eo⟩.
• beou → beo ‘beautiful’
• ribveu → riveo ‘level’
• The stress-indicator ⟨x⟩ is written as a grave accent (e.g. ⟨à⟩).
• iljax → alià ‘there’
• Vowels become long and are marked with an acute accent before former ⟨ct⟩ clusters and in certain other environments.
• deice → dítx ‘ten’
• uictjou → útxo ‘eight’
• ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ are inserted into consonant clusters which have become unpronounceable according to the phonotactics of the Eomentesa dialect.
• vrisu → verizo ‘twisted’

Vowel Changes

Obstruent Changes

Word-initially, ⟨ui⟩ is realized as [vi] or [ʋi].

Word-internally, there is very little change from the classical language aside from some minor changes:

• ⟨bv⟩: β → v
• ⟨cj⟩: cç → ʨ
• ⟨ctj⟩: kʨ → kɕ
• ⟨dj⟩: ʤ → ʥ
• ⟨ei⟩: ei̯ → i
• ⟨gj⟩: ɟʝ → ʥ
• ⟨l⟩: l → ɮ after a voiced obstruent (i.e. /bl, ɡl/ = [bɮ, ɡɮ])
• ⟨l⟩: l → ɬ after an unvoiced obstruent (i.e. /pl, kl, fl/ = [pɬ, kɬ, fɬ])
• ⟨lj⟩: ʎ → ɮ
• ⟨ou⟩: ou̯ → u
• ⟨qu⟩: kw → kʋ
• ⟨sj⟩: ʃ → ɕ
• ⟨tj⟩: ʧ → ʨ
• ⟨zj⟩: ʒ → ʑ

However, word-final vowels are often elided, and the newly-exposed final consonants take on a wide variety of new forms. Final unstressed ⟨u⟩ is deleted word-finally in nouns and adjectives.

• ⟨u⟩: u → ∅ (when unstressed at the end of a word except in diphthongs)
• ⟨c⟩: k → χ
• ⟨d⟩: ð → θ
• ⟨lj⟩: ʎ → ʎ (This remains palatalized while all word-internal instances of [ʎ] become [ɮ].)
• ⟨r⟩: r → ʀ
• ⟨t⟩: ð → θ

Final unstressed ⟨e⟩ is deleted word-finally, but triggers palatalization to the previous consonant.

• ⟨e⟩: e → ∅ (when unstressed at the end of a word)
• ⟨de⟩: de → ʥ
• ⟨le⟩: le → ʎ
• ⟨ne⟩: nr → ɲ
• ⟨re⟩: re → ʐ
• ⟨te⟩: te → ʨ

Final unstressed ⟨a⟩ is often reduced to [ə], but rarely elided completely in speech.

While, officially, Tenibvreth uses the same orthography as Classical Braereth, the spelling is often modified to more closely reflect the spoken language. While non-standard spellings by definition do not have official rules, there are some tendancies to be aware of.

NB: Where Tenibvreth spellings are used in the text of this wiki, they are enclosed in double angle brackets (e.g. ⟪patr⟫).

• Final ⟨-u⟩ is dropped completely except in a diphthong (e.g. ⟨au⟩, ⟨eu⟩, or ⟨ou⟩).
• patru → patr ‘father’
• montu → mont ‘mountain’
• Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨j⟩, the ⟨j⟩ is deleted as well and replaced by an apostrophe to indicate palatalization.
• reictju → reict’ ‘right’
• ignju → ign’ ‘fire’
• Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨t⟩, ⟨t⟩ becomes ⟨th⟩. (This does not occur when ⟨t⟩ appears in a cluster such as ⟨nt⟩.)
• natu → nath ‘born’
• crutu → cruth ‘short’
• Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after ⟨d⟩, ⟨d⟩ becomes ⟨th⟩. (This does not occur when ⟨d⟩ appears in a cluster such as ⟨nd⟩ or ⟨ct⟩.)
• cjaudu → cjauth ‘hot’
• vridu → vrith ‘green’
• Where ⟨-u⟩ is dropped after voiced ⟨s⟩, ⟨s⟩ is written as ⟨z⟩.
• espousu → espouz ‘husband’
• drosu → droz ‘back’
• Final ⟨-e⟩ is dropped and an apostrophe is added (indicating palatalization).
• A deleted final ⟨e⟩ after the letters ⟨d, t, l, n, r⟩ causes palatalization:
• pide → pid’ ‘foot’
• mare → mar’ ‘sea’
• The apostrophe is usually omitted after infinitives, but the final ⟨-r⟩ is still realized as [ʐ].
• mengjare → mengjar ‘to eat’
• ire → ir ‘to go’
• Where final ⟨-e⟩ follows a ⟨j⟩, both letters may be deleted (as the apostrophe is ostensibly doing the same job as the ⟨j⟩).
• setje → set’ ‘seven’
• milje → mil’ ‘thousand’
• The apostrophe is also used where there is no palatalization:
• denouve → denouv’ ‘again’
• procime → procim’ ‘near’
• ⟨qu⟩ is often written as ⟨qv⟩.
• quei → qvei ‘what’
• ecquilju → ecqvil’ ‘that’
• ⟨ui⟩ is written as ⟨vi⟩ when word-initial.
• uictjou → victjou ‘eight’
• uictoce → victoc’ ‘eighteen’